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Adds Unlondon Arduino Intro w/ whack-a-mole game

This commit is contained in:
Shawn Nock 2016-07-03 16:18:52 -04:00
parent e01e4a12d6
commit f999df9d55
38 changed files with 2179 additions and 0 deletions

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art/Breadboard+switch.fzz Normal file

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main.aux
main.log
main.nav
main.out
main.snm
main.toc
talk.tex

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SOURCES=$(wildcard *.md)
PDFS=$(SOURCES:.md=.pdf)
all: $(PDFS)
%.pdf: $(SOURCES)
pandoc --slide-level 2 -t beamer -V theme:metropolis --template template.tex $(@:.pdf=.md) -o $@
gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH \
-sOutputFile=$(@:.pdf=.ebook.pdf) $@
clean:
rm -f *.pdf
live: $(PDFS)
evince $(PDFS) &
while /bin/true; do inotifywait $(SOURCES); make all; done
present: setup-projector $(PDFS)
pdfpc $(PDFS)
make disable-projector
setup-projector:
xrandr --output VGA1 --above LVDS1 --auto
disable-projector:
xrandr --output VGA1 --off

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%% The original source files were:
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%% beamercolorthememetropolis.dtx (with options: `package')
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Copyright 2015 Matthias Vogelgesang and the LaTeX community. A full list of
%% contributors can be found at
%%
%% https://github.com/matze/mtheme/graphs/contributors
%%
%% and the original template was based on the HSRM theme by Benjamin Weiss.
%%
%% This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
%% International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
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%% contributors can be found at
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%% https://github.com/matze/mtheme/graphs/contributors
%%
%% and the original template was based on the HSRM theme by Benjamin Weiss.
%%
%% This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
%% International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
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%% The original source files were:
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%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Copyright 2015 Matthias Vogelgesang and the LaTeX community. A full list of
%% contributors can be found at
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%% https://github.com/matze/mtheme/graphs/contributors
%%
%% and the original template was based on the HSRM theme by Benjamin Weiss.
%%
%% This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
%% International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
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%%
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%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
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%% pgfplotsthemetol.dtx (with options: `package')
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Copyright 2015 Matthias Vogelgesang and the LaTeX community. A full list of
%% contributors can be found at
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%% https://github.com/matze/mtheme/graphs/contributors
%%
%% and the original template was based on the HSRM theme by Benjamin Weiss.
%%
%% This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
%% International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[file]
talk.ebook.pdf
[notes]
### 2
29### 4
Nuit Blanche - Take over the city w/ interactive art
Work in Practice @ Explode (Illustrators explaining their artistic practice and portfolio feedback)### 22
Devices that are 'on' have current flowing through them. Most of what we'll do today is getting current to flow through devices in various ways.### 23
Potential is the push that moves current.

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---
author: Raphael Kopala, Shawn Nock
institute: Unlondon Digital Media Assoc.
title: Introduction to Arduino
subtitle: Maker Workshop
lang: en-CA
colorlinks: true
...
# Goals
## Unlondon
\begin{center}
{\huge Enabling Exploration, Creativity, and Excellence In Art+Make+Tech}
\end{center}
Challenging and embracing ideas related to new technologies and social
platforms through the education, entertainment and engagement of our
membership and the community-at-large.
- 121Studios: Coworking for Creatives
- Unlab: Hackerspace
- Events: STEAM Outreach & Edu., ExplodeConf, Nuit Blanche
## Shawn: Day Job
Freelance Embedded Systems Engineer
- Indoor location tracking w/ Bluetooth
- Keychain / Fitness Band Widgets
- Joystick for VR
- Remote Controls
- Internet of S*#t
## Shawn: The Fun Stuff
Hacker, Church of the Weird Machine, Odd Duck
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Arduino compatible implant
\item EEG Games / Toy Hacking
\item Brain Stimulation
\item Be Weird, Make Weird, Have Fun!
\end{itemize}
\column{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{images/timbo.jpg}
\vspace{5mm}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{images/circadia.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
## Raphael: The Vital Info
- Manufacturing Engineer
- Instructor at Fanshawe
- Maker
# What's in your kit?
## Kit Contents
- Arduino Uno R3 Clone
- Solderless Breadboard
- Connecting wires
- LEDs
- Resistors, Potentiometer
- Buzzer
## What is Arduino?
\begin{center}
$\mu$C + reset button + led + USB
\end{center}
It's a kit (on a board) with the bare minimum components to easily use the $\mu$C
hardware. They do the basic, boring design needed for any board, so users only
need to add the neat stuff.
<!-- ## Arduino UNO -->
<!-- The Arduino variety that we are using is the Arduino UNO. -->
<!-- - Processor: Atmel Atmega328p -->
<!-- - Memory: 2K RAM + 32K Flash -->
<!-- - FT232RL Logic-level Serial$\leftrightarrow$USB Chip -->
## Arduino Software
The Arduino folks also adapted an *Integrated Development Environment*
(IDE) to their boards. This IDE allows us to easily write programs for
their boards and then write the programs to the $\mu$C.
\Large Get the Arduino IDE:
[https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
## Installation
\Large Get installing
# Circuit Basics
## Current
Current is the flow of charge through a circuit. Conventionally we
think of this as happening from HIGH ($+$) to LOW ($-$)
## Voltage / Potential / Resistance
Voltage is how fast the current can move in the circuit. River
metaphor:
- current = flow rate: ($\si{\liter\per\second}$)
- voltage = change in height: ($\si{\meter}$)
Other devices in a circuit can impede / effect current flow. We'll
call them resistance(s).
## Diode
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item One way value for current\footnotemark[1]
\item LED $\equiv$ Light Emitting Diode
\item Band marks (-)\footnotemark[2]
\item Longer leg marks (+)
\end{itemize}
\column{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{images/diode.png}
\vspace{5mm}
\includegraphics[width=0.50\textwidth]{images/led.jpg}
\end{center}
\end{columns}
\footnotetext[1]{\tiny \url{https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/diodes}}
\footnotetext[2]{\tiny \url{https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/polarity/diode-and-led-polarity}}
## Diode Problems
* Diodes don't limit current
* Diodes aren't perfect (some current turned to heat)
* Too much current $\rightarrow$ Too much heat $\rightarrow$ \
\
\center{ \huge{\emph{What's that smell?} } }
## Resistor
\begin{columns}[c]
\column{0.50\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{Resists}/limits the flow of current
\item Needed for LEDs: $\approx\SI{400}{\ohm}$\\
(safe for $\le\SI{6}{\volt}$)
\item Button Pull-up/down: $\ge\SI{10}{\kilo\ohm}$
\item Color coded, Google it
\end{itemize}
\column{0.50\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/resistor.png}
\end{columns}
## Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law relates current to potential and resistance.
$$ V = IR $$
$$ I=\frac{V}{R} $$
$$ R = \frac{V}{I} $$
* V = Potential in Volts (\si{\volt})
* I = Current in Amperes (\si{\ampere})
* R = Resistance in Ohms (\si{\ohm})
## Ohm's Law: Example
The datasheet for an LED says that the maximum continuous current is
\SI{15}{\milli\ampere}. Your circuit operates at \SI{5}{\volt}\footnotemark[1]. How
big should your resistor be?
$$ \si{\ohm} = \frac{\SI{5}{\volt}}{\SI{0.015}{\ampere}} = 333.\overline{3}\si{\ohm} $$
How much current for our *cheet sheet* value?
$$ \si{\ampere} = \frac{\SI{5}{\volt}}{\SI{400}{\ohm}} = \SI{12.5}{\milli\ampere} $$
\footnotetext[1]{\tiny Actually, this calculation is inaccurate. LEDs will have a *forward voltage drop* of between \SI{300}{\milli\volt} and \SI{700}{\milli\volt} this should be subtracted from \si{\volt} above... but it's not critical.}
## Buttons
- Buttons connect _or_ disconnect two wires/parts
- Momentary Switch: Normally Closed (NC), Normally Open (NO)
- Toggle Switch
## Circuits
A circuit is a completed loop from HIGH potential (voltage) to LOW,
which causes current to flow through some other components along the
way.
## Transducers {.fragile}
Often these *other* components are *transducers*, which convert
electrical energy into another sort of energy:
| |
-------|--------:
Speaker|Electrical $\rightarrow$ Sound
Microphone|Sound $\rightarrow$ Electrical
LED|Electrical $\rightarrow$ Light
LED|Light $\rightarrow$ Electrical
Piezoelectric|Electrical $\rightarrow$ Motion
<!-- ## Piezo Buzzer -->
<!-- - Piezoelectric elements change shape when voltage is applied -->
<!-- - Thin discs can be made to oscillate and create sound. -->
<!-- - Contains oscillator circuit -->
<!-- - Two connections: Vcc, GND -->
<!-- - Use a switch; connected = annoying tone, disconnected = glorious silence -->
## Power
The power supply provides the energy to drive the system.
Can be a:
* Voltage Regulator (converts one potential to another)
* Batteries
* Solar Panel
In our circuits, your laptop is converting it's power source to $\SI{5}{\volt}$ and
delivering power to our circuit via USB.
## $\mu$Controller
Microcontroller ($\mu$C) is a *processor*, *memory* and a few *peripherals* on a standalone
chip.
Processor
: is a group of transistors that understands a dozen or so
commands (ADD, SUB, JUMP..)
Memory
: a circuit that can hold values.
Peripherals
: Vary chip to chip, but often include timers, communications and
ADC, DAC.
Seems complicated, but really simple. They read a command from the
start of memory, then execute the command. At the end of the command,
read the next command from the next memory cell and
repeat^[some commands change the address of the next fetched command]
## Digital Signals
- Vcc: The power supply of the circuit elements
- GND: The reference voltage (usually \SI{0}{\volt})
- Connecting a part to Vcc = Logical 1 or High
- Connecting to GND = Logical 0 or Low
- Connecting various pins to Vcc or Ground is all the $\mu$C can do to
talk to the world [^4]
[^4]: w/o fancy peripherals or dirty tricks
## $\mu$Controller INPUT and OUTPUT
Most of the pins on the Arduino can be set for INPUT or OUTPUT mode.
- INPUT mode pins listen for a signal ($0$ or $1$) from another device
- OUTPUT mode pins drive the pin High or Low
## Floating Pins
What's happens if an INPUT mode pin tries to read the value of a pin
that is connected to nothing? Is that a $1$ or $0$?
\center{\huge {No one knows!}}
It's dependant of transient charges, static, nearby electric fields,
the phase of the moon, \ldots Whenever you want to check a digital
signal, make sure that something is *driving* it (ensuring Vcc or GND).
## $\mu$C + Digital Signals as Switches
If one end of an LED is connected to ground, and the other end is
connected to an OUTPUT pin on a $\mu$Controller, then:
- If the $\mu$C sets the pin High (Vcc, $\SI{5}{\volt}$) then current
will flow from the pin through the LED and turn it on.
- If $\mu$C sets the pin Low (GND, $\SI{0}{\volt}$) then the current
will not flow and the LED is off.
# Let's start programming
## Configure Arduino
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/arduino-board.png}
\end{center}
* Board: Arduino/Genuino UNO
* Port: \ldots
<!-- ## Fetch the Class Code -->
<!-- - Download and extract: [https://nocko.se/assets/arduino-medway.zip](https://nocko.se/assets/arduino-medway.zip) -->
<!-- - File$\rightarrow$Preferences -->
<!-- - Browse for sketchbook -->
<!-- - Point it at the `sketchbook` subfolder of the extracted download -->
<!-- - You should now see a list of projects in the -->
<!-- File$\rightarrow$Sketchbook menu. -->
## The Code Environment
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{images/arduino-toolbar.png}
\end{center}
## Your first Program
~~~ C
/* the setup function runs once on reset / power */
void setup() {
/* set pin 13 as an output */
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
/* the loop function repeats forever */
void loop() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn on LED
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn the off LED
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}
~~~
# Add Some Parts
## Breadboard
![Breadboard](images/breadboard.png)\
- Connectors gently pinch component leads, wires.
- Have internal connections
## Power Up the Rails
We use the long rows to distribute power. The Arduino outputs
$\SI{5}{\volt}$ on the pin marked `5V`, the reference (GND) is marked
`GND`.
![Arduino + Breadboard](images/bb+uno.png)
<!-- ## Buzzer: Hardware -->
<!-- \begin{center} -->
<!-- \includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/buzzer-breadboard.png} -->
<!-- \end{center} -->
<!-- ## Buzzer: Software -->
<!-- ~~~ C -->
<!-- #define BUZZER 8 /* Make BUZZER same as pin 8 */ -->
<!-- void setup() { -->
<!-- pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT); -->
<!-- digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH); /* Turn off buzzer */ -->
<!-- } -->
<!-- void loop() { -->
<!-- digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW); /* Turn on buzzer */ -->
<!-- delay(100); /* wait for 100ms */ -->
<!-- digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH); /* Turn off buzzer */ -->
<!-- delay(900); /* wait 900ms */ -->
<!-- } -->
<!-- ~~~ -->
## Push Button: Hardware
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/bb+switch.png}
\end{center}
## Push Button: Hardware, Pt. 2
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/bb+switch+zoom.png}
\end{center}
## Pullup / Pulldown Resistors
Reading a floating pin is **bad**. A switch only connects
and disconnects a wire. When the wire is disconnected... the INPUT pin
is floating!
\vfill
**Solution:**
Connect the pin to Vcc so that it reads High; use a
resistor to prevent short circuit (limit current).
## Push Button: Software (Part 1)
~~~ C
#define BUTTON 2
#define LED 13
int button_state = 0;
void setup() {
pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT);
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); /* Start w/ LED off */
}
~~~
## Programming Note: Variables
Declare a variable:
~~~ C
int delay_ms = 1000;
~~~
`<type> <name> [= <initial value>];` (value optional)
It's a name, like a preprocessor `#define`, but the value can change
at *runtime*
<!-- ## RGB LED -->
<!-- - Three LEDs in the same package. -->
<!-- - LEDs share the same `GND` ($-$) pin, one ($+$) side of each LED -->
<!-- - Connect `-` to negative rail, R, G, & B to pins 3,5, & 6 on Arduino -->
<!-- \centering -->
<!-- \includegraphics[width=0.60\textwidth]{images/bb+uno+led.png} -->
## Programming Note: *If* Statement
~~~ C
if (condition) {
// body: Runs if condition true ( != 0)
} else {
// Runs if condition false ( == 0 )
}
~~~
- body code inside curly braces: `{` `}`
- **condition** evaluates to 0 $\rightarrow$ body code skipped
- else section is optional, runs if **condition** evaluates to 0
- **condition** evaluates to *not* 0 $\rightarrow$ body code runs
## Programming Note: `==`
In C-like languages, the `==` operator checks if two things
(statements, variables, \ldots) are equal to each other.
- It returns `1` if the items are equal, *or*
- It returns `0` if the items are not equal
## Push Button: Software (Part 2)
~~~ C
void loop() {
button_state = digitalRead(BUTTON);
if (button_state == HIGH) {
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
} else {
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
}
}
~~~
# More Parts
## Potentiometer
*Puh - ten - she - ometer*
- *Pot* for short
- A Voltage Divider
- Voltage at *Wiper* is somewhere between potential at the two
terminals.
- The exact wiper potential depends on the position of the knob/lever.
## ADC: Analog to Digital Converter
- A peripheral of the $\mu$Controller
- Measures Potential, outputs a number
- In our case, $\SI{0}{\volt}\rightarrow0$ and
$\SI{5}{\volt}\rightarrow1023$
- A0-A5 pins on Arduino can be used
- Fun uses: Reading pot position, sampling audio, reading from sensors
## The Pot Hookup
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.98\textwidth]{images/bb+switch+pot.png}
\end{center}
Connect center pin to `A0`, outer pins to ($+$) and ($-$) rails
## Pot Code
`analogRead(`*pin*`)` returns the current state of the pin (0--1023),
it can be assigned to a variable.
~~~ C
void loop() {
delay_ms = analogRead(A0);
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
delay(delay_ms);
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
}
~~~
Each time through the loop, a new `delay_ms` value is read. Since the
subsequent delay calls use `delay_ms`, the blink rate changes with
knob position.
# Shall we play a game?
## Hooking up a bunch of LEDs
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{images/bb+switch+pot+leds.png}
\end{center}
Looks complicated, but for each LED: The short leg goes to ground, the
long leg goes to one end of a resistor, and the other end of the
resistor goes to the arduino pin.
## Programming Note: `for` Loop
~~~ C
for ( initializer ; condition; increment ) {
// This body will repeat until condition != 0
}
~~~
initializer
: Executed once at beginning of loop. Often used to declare a local
variable.
condition
: Loop will repeat until condition $\neq0$
increment
: Runs *after* each loop. Often used to increment variables.
\center{*All fields are optional*}
## Game Code: Part. 1; Cylon Attack
~~~ C
loop () {
for (int i = 4; i <= 7; i++) {
delay_ms = analogRead(A0);
analogWrite(i - 1, LOW);
analogWrite(i, HIGH);
delay(delay_ms);
}
for (int i = 6; i >= 3; i--) {
delay_ms = analogRead(A0);
analogWrite(i + 1, LOW);
analogWrite(i, HIGH);
delay(delay_ms);
}
}
~~~
## Programming Note: Functions
~~~ C
void my_function(int arg1, ...) {
// Do fun things
}
~~~
void:
: Return type. Void means nothing returned. Can be any type.
my_function:
: A name for your function
arguments:
: A type and name for any parameters you want to use in your function
from the outside.
Define a function once, you can use it again and again. Beats
copy/pasting.
## Winner, Winner, Chicken Dinner
~~~ C
void check_delay(int cur_led, int delay_ms) {
if (cur_led != 5) { // No chance of winner
delay(delay_ms); // Do a normal delay
return;
}
int start = millis();
while (millis() < start+delay_ms) {
if (digitalRead(BUTTON) == LOW) {
for (int i = 3; i <= 7; i++) {
digitalWrite(i, HIGH);
}; for (;;); // Loop until reset
}
}
}
~~~
## Putting it Together
~~~ C
loop () {
for (int i = 4; i <= 7; i++) {
delay_ms = analogRead(A0);
analogWrite(i - 1, LOW);
analogWrite(i, HIGH);
check_delay(i, delay_ms);
}
for (int i = 6; i >= 3; i--) {
...
check_delay(i, delay_ms);
}
}
~~~
## The End?
\begin{center}
\LARGE{Let's build some cool stuff!}
\end{center}

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[file]
talk.pdf
[notes]
### 1
Testing 1,2,3### 4
Nuit Blache - Took over Dundas interactive art.### 10
Nuit Blanche, projected head pictures
Makerbus Laser Show
Giant Trackball Katamari Damacy
Sphero Mini-Golf
Mind Controlled Robot Painting
### 13
Yarn Grid + Projector = Three Dimentional moving lights.

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